Necro EXP Options

[Estu]

Here are, as far as I can tell, the main solo EXP options for a necro:

1) Fear-kite in an outdoor zone (not really viable in dungeons).
2) Root-dot in a dungeon (can also do so in an outdoor zone, but why not take dungeon ZEM?).
3) Charm undead in a dungeon (or maybe outdoors if dungeon charming is too nasty).

I was wondering how people have found these to stack up against each other in terms of EXP per hour. (1) is clearly more mana-efficient than (2) because you make better use of your pet, but on the other hand, you don't get dungeon ZEM. (3) might be the winner, but I've heard that charm breaks can ruin it; (1) and (2) are certainly safer.

Opinions?