main issue with simple sugar is it is needs no metabolysis to function as fuel. so all it has to do is get into solution and it over-sugars you, causing an insulin spike to compensate for basically an overdose. those insulin spikes have some really wide reaching effects downstream, so many that we probably don't know all the ways it hurts you, but u can read about that.
more complex sugars are essentially glucose held in molecular chains, so the chain has to be chewed up before u get dosed with the sugar, so it hits smoother and the same volume of glucose sustains you for longer, like time release adderall. proteins are metabolized into their constituent amino acids, not glucose, which is the main thing which makes pokesan wrong. Although there is a pathway for taking the chemical energy out of amino acids to invest it into fuel, it is an alternative pathway and doesn't involve glucose, sort of a backup starvation pathway (abused in all-meat diets, turns ur pee into caustic stinking brown stew, while starving ur brain for glucose which probably atrophies it, turning u into Joe Rogan). Other things are "vitamins", those are miscellaneous compounds with various properties which are not sugar either, and "fiber", which actually is made of a sugar chain but u don't digest it because it's built into basically indigestable plant-plastic.
fat metabolizes down to glucose too tho yes iirc. but not all fatty acids *do* get metabolized into glucose, because they are of structural use.
*note:i am treating ATP and glucose pretty interchangeably here
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