Oh far from antiquated, it's still a necessity for Linux. For fast and easy, sure C++/C#, but if you want stability it's C. If you wrote anything mission critical and with long expected up-time, C is highly recommended. I was a CS maj in college (note: I'm not a wizard), C. I should have taken multimedia instead though, I pref it much more. I mean like animation and modeling etc. but it doesn't matter, that stuff was easier to learn without classes compared to programming.
Yeah a long way from scratch, I use to need to calculate all my sprites through an imagined grid system then program a dozen lines all being strings of numbers. Now I just pull out my Wacom and scribble it out, save it and I'm done. Import and assign hehe.
Sure javascript, which was actually unityscript, but some call it javascript even though it isn't. It's Unity's own version of a javascript derivative. Every engine tends to have it's own modified scripting language of some sort, then adds some sort of C/C++/C# based language. Yeah even though the C# is a little dated, Unity is still used in school curriculums. But whenever
Mono gets updated, then Unity gets the newer version of C#.